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Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 - December 29 1825), most usually known as David (pronounced "Dah-veed" rather than "Day-vid"), was a French painter.

David was born into a middle-class Parisian family. In 1757 his mother deserted him and he was subsequently raised by his uncles after his father was killed. All his life he suffered from severe emotional problems.

At 16 he began studying art at the Académie Royale under the rococo painter Joseph-Marie Vien. He won the Prix de Rome in 1774 after having attempted suicide when he lost the contest for three years in a row.

He subsequently travelled to Italy where he was strongly influenced by the wealth of classical art and the classically inspired work of the 17th century painter Nicolas Poussin.

David devised his own individual neoclassical style, drawing subject matter from classical sources, basing both form and style on Roman sculpture. His "Oath of the Horatii" was intended as a proclamation of the neoclassical style. Presenting a moralistic and patriotic theme, the work became the model for noble and heroic historical painting of the following two decades. It greatly increased his popularity and gave him the right to take on his own students.

After 1789, David moved towards a more realistic rather than neoclassical painting style in order to accurately depict scenes of the French Revolution (1789-1799). David was active in the Revolution, and was elected a deputy to the National Convention on September 17, 1792. He sided with the extremists known as the Montagnards, with Marat, Georges Danton, and Robespierre. Apart from his many illustrious paintings, David is also the author of the famous sketch of Marie Antoinette on her way to the guillotine.

During this time he had proposed the establishment of an inventory of all national treasures, making him one of the founders of France's museums and played an active role in the organization overseeing the Louvre Museum, in Paris.

As a member of the Convention, he was appointed to the Committee of General Security in 1793. This empowered him to condemn nearly 300 arrested individuals to be guillotined. After 9 Thermidor he was imprisoned for his actions. His students demanded his release, and he was freed on December 28, 1794.

Towards the end of 1797 he met Napoleon Bonaparte and from 1799 to 1815 he was Napoleon's painter, chronicling his life in such massive oeuvres as "The Coronation of Napoleon and Josephine" which now hangs in the Louvre. One of his most famous pupils, also a favorite of Napoleon and Josephine, was François Gérard (1770 - 1837). After Napoleon's downfall in 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo, David was exiled to Brussels, Belgium, where he returned to Greek and Roman mythological subjects.

David, throughout his career, was also a prolific portraitist. Smaller and more intimately human than his larger works, portraits such as "Madame Récamier" show great technical mastery and human insight. Many critics consider them his best work since they are free of the propensity to moralisation and overwhelming obeisance to style of his neoclassical works.

He died in Brussels, Belgium on December 29, 1825 and was buried at the Evere Cemetery, Brussels. His heart was interred separately at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Don

9月1日
* 1648年——马兰·梅森，法国神学家、数学家、音乐理论家逝世
* 1715年——路易十四，法国国王逝世
台湾——记者节

Don

QUOTE

皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦男爵（Le baron Pierre De Coubertin，1863年1月1日—1937年9月2日）现代奥林匹克运动会的发起人，1896年至1925年任国际奥林匹克委员会主席，奥林匹克会徽、奥林匹克会旗设计者；顾拜旦终生倡导奥林匹克精神，被誉为“现代奥林匹克之父”；顾拜旦不仅是世界著名的国际体育活动家，同时也是卓有成就的教育学家和历史学家。
皮埃尔出身于法国贵族家庭，拥有男爵称号。他从小喜欢贵族运动，如击剑、赛艇、骑马，也喜欢拳击。他父亲夏尔·德·顾拜旦（Charles de Coubertin）是出名的画家。
从1875年开始，一直到1881年，考古学家在希腊连续发掘出古代奥运会的文物遗址，这引起了皮埃尔的兴趣和关注。在1890年，他终于有机会访问希腊的奥林匹亚山，古代奥林匹克运动的发源地。他认为宏扬古代奥林匹克精神可以促进国际体育运动的发展。
在1892年12月25日，皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦发表演讲，在演讲中首次提出“复兴奥林匹克运动”。
1894年在巴黎举办了国际体育会议，决定在希腊创办第一届现代奥运会，并规定每4年举行一次。
1894年6月23日，国际奥林匹克委员会正式成立，当时希腊文学家维凯拉斯（Δημήτριος Βικέλας）担任国际奥委会主席，而顾拜旦担任国际奥委会秘书长。
1896年到1925年担任国际奥委会主席。

Don

让我们看下这段时间主要几个日子的日本人描述

QUOTE

8月15日できごと
    * 1945年 - 天皇自身によってポツダム宣言受諾の決定を日本国民に知らせるラジオ放送（玉音放送）が行われる（終戦の詔勅が出されたのは前日の8月14日、降伏文書に調印して正式に受諾をしたのは9月2日）。鈴木貫太郎内閣は総辞職。
    *1963年 - 日比谷公会堂で日本政府主催の全国戦没者追悼式が初めて行われる。

9月2日できごと
    * 1945年 - 日本が連合国軍戦艦ミズーリ号艦上で降伏文書に調印し、公式に降伏。第二次世界大戦が終結。（日本では玉音放送の行われた8月15日が終戦記念日としてよく知られている）

9月3日できごと
    * 1945年 - 新聞記者バーチェットが広島の惨状を「No more Hiroshima」と世界に訴える。

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Dante Alighieri (May/June 1265 – September 13/14, 1321) was a Florentine poet. His greatest work, La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy), is a culminating statement of the medieval world view and the basis of the modern Italian language.

Guido Novello da Polenta, prince of Ravenna, invited him there in 1318, and he accepted the offer. Here he finished Paradise and, soon after, he died, perhaps of malaria. This was in 1321 (at the age of 56) and was buried in the Church of San Pier Maggiore (later called San Francesco). Bernardo Bembo, praetor of Venice, in 1483 took care of his remains by organising a better tomb.

On the grave, some verses of Bernardo Canaccio, a friend of Dante, dedicated to Florence:

parvi Florentia mater amoris ("Florence, mother of little love")

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Dante Alighieri

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1946年9月14日，法国政府同越南民主共和国政府总理范文同在法国枫丹白露签订《法越临时协定》，亦称《九一四协定》。

《九一四协定》主要内容有：肯定1946年3月6日签订的《法越初步协定》；双方停止一切敌对行为和暴力行动，不得逮捕任何忠于本国的法、越人民；越南承认法国在越南的经济、文化 利益，法国尊重越南南部人民的民主自由权利。但关于越南南部 主权和越南民主共和国外交自主问题仍未解决，规定在1947年1月前继续谈判。1946年12月，法国撕毁《法越临时协定》。

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QUOTE

January 4 is the birthdate of Louis Braille, the inventor of Braille. World Braille Day is a tribute to the genius of Louis Braille, who, almost 200 years ago, revolutionized the lives of people who are blind, visually impaired, or deafblind with his invention of a simple yet sophisticated system of six raised dots. Used in various combinations, the six "magic" dots can be used to form letters of the alphabet, musical notations, chemistry symbols, numbers, and punctuation.

yci

1961年4月22日
法国秘密军在阿尔及利亚叛乱


一师伞兵突然在4月22日包围了阿尔及尔政府大厦

1961年4月22日，法国秘密军在阿尔及利亚叛乱。

1月，戴高乐就阿尔及利亚的未来举行公民表决，法国和阿尔及利亚的人民以压倒多数投票赞成就自决举行谈判，阿尔及利亚战争进入了最后阶段。当法国政府与民族解放阵线的阿尔及利亚临时政府正在为实现埃维昂矿泉浴场的会谈举行谈判时，一师伞兵突然在4月22日早晨包围了阿尔及尔的政府大厦，逮捕了法国总代表。将军们的叛乱开始了。

军队接管了该城主要的民政和军事设施，在电台宣布军方现已控制这个国家。发动政变的4个首领是夏耳、儒奥、泽勒和萨兰，他们宣布已为法国拯救了阿尔及利亚，并将其置于紧急状态下。至傍晚时，有许多谣传说巴黎将遭到叛乱分子用空降部队进行的入侵。戴高乐将军取得了特别权力，首都作了戒备，以击退任何进攻。

然而，在阿尔及利亚当地，对叛乱的支持证明是有限的。4月26日，叛军瓦解。警察着手收缴在政变期间发给准军事秘密军队组织的武器，政变头子被逮捕起来交付审判，夏耳、萨兰和泽勒被判监禁，儒奥被判处死刑。

yci

1961年4月22日
法国秘密军在阿尔及利亚叛乱


一师伞兵突然在4月22日包围了阿尔及尔政府大厦

1961年4月22日，法国秘密军在阿尔及利亚叛乱。

1月，戴高乐就阿尔及利亚的未来举行公民表决，法国和阿尔及利亚的人民以压倒多数投票赞成就自决举行谈判，阿尔及利亚战争进入了最后阶段。当法国政府与民族解放阵线的阿尔及利亚临时政府正在为实现埃维昂矿泉浴场的会谈举行谈判时，一师伞兵突然在4月22日早晨包围了阿尔及尔的政府大厦，逮捕了法国总代表。将军们的叛乱开始了。

军队接管了该城主要的民政和军事设施，在电台宣布军方现已控制这个国家。发动政变的4个首领是夏耳、儒奥、泽勒和萨兰，他们宣布已为法国拯救了阿尔及利亚，并将其置于紧急状态下。至傍晚时，有许多谣传说巴黎将遭到叛乱分子用空降部队进行的入侵。戴高乐将军取得了特别权力，首都作了戒备，以击退任何进攻。

然而，在阿尔及利亚当地，对叛乱的支持证明是有限的。4月26日，叛军瓦解。警察着手收缴在政变期间发给准军事秘密军队组织的武器，政变头子被逮捕起来交付审判，夏耳、萨兰和泽勒被判监禁，儒奥被判处死刑。